Building an Automated Appointment Booking System
Objective
Create a robust automated appointment booking system using Selenium WebDriver and software engineering best practices. This project focuses on developing a maintainable, scalable web automation solution that can handle multiple appointment booking scenarios while implementing proper error handling, logging, and monitoring mechanisms.
Learning Outcomes
By completing this project, you will:
- Master web automation using Selenium WebDriver.
- Implement design patterns for maintainable automation code.
- Develop robust error handling and recovery mechanisms.
- Create comprehensive logging and monitoring systems.
- Build configurable and scalable automation solutions.
- Practice software testing and quality assurance.
Prerequisites and Theoretical Foundations
1. Programming Skills
- Python: Strong understanding of OOP principles
- Software Design: Knowledge of design patterns
- Testing: Understanding of test automation principles
- Version Control: Git proficiency
2. Web Technologies
- HTML/CSS: Understanding of web page structure
- JavaScript: Basic knowledge for handling dynamic content
- DOM: Understanding of document object model
- Web APIs: RESTful services concepts
3. Automation Concepts
- Selenium WebDriver: Core concepts and best practices
- Page Object Model: Design pattern for web automation
- Wait Strategies: Handling dynamic web elements
- Browser Automation: Cross-browser testing concepts
Tools Required
- Programming Language: Python 3.7+
- Libraries:
- Selenium: (
pip install selenium) - WebDriver Manager: (
pip install webdriver-manager) - Loguru: For logging (
pip install loguru) - PyYAML: For configuration (
pip install pyyaml) - pytest: For testing (
pip install pytest)
- Selenium: (
- Development Tools:
- VS Code or PyCharm
- Git for version control
- Docker for containerization
- Browsers and WebDrivers:
- Chrome/Firefox with respective WebDrivers
Project Structure
appointment-booker/
│
├── src/
│ ├── page_objects/
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ ├── base_page.py
│ │ ├── login_page.py
│ │ └── booking_page.py
│ ├── core/
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ ├── driver_factory.py
│ │ ├── config_manager.py
│ │ └── logger.py
│ └── utils/
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── wait_utils.py
│ └── element_utils.py
├── tests/
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── conftest.py
│ └── test_booking.py
├── config/
│ └── config.yaml
├── logs/
├── requirements.txt
└── README.md
Steps and Tasks
1. Setting Up Project Infrastructure
Tasks:
- Initialize Project Structure
- Set Up Version Control
- Configure Development Environment
Implementation:
# src/core/config_manager.py
import yaml
from dataclasses import dataclass
@dataclass
class AppConfig:
base_url: str
browser: str
implicit_wait: int
explicit_wait: int
retry_attempts: int
class ConfigManager:
def __init__(self, config_path: str):
with open(config_path, 'r') as file:
self._config = yaml.safe_load(file)
def get_app_config(self) -> AppConfig:
return AppConfig(**self._config['app'])
2. Implementing Core Framework Components
Tasks:
- Create WebDriver Factory
- Implement Base Page Object
- Set Up Logging System
Implementation:
# src/core/driver_factory.py
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
class WebDriverFactory:
@staticmethod
def create_driver(browser: str = 'chrome'):
if browser.lower() == 'chrome':
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('--start-maximized')
service = Service(ChromeDriverManager().install())
return webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=options)
# Add support for other browsers as needed
raise ValueError(f"Unsupported browser: {browser}")
# src/page_objects/base_page.py
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
class BasePage:
def __init__(self, driver, config):
self.driver = driver
self.config = config
self.wait = WebDriverWait(driver, config.explicit_wait)
def find_element(self, locator):
return self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located(locator))
def click_element(self, locator):
element = self.find_element(locator)
element.click()
3. Building Page Objects
Tasks:
- Create Login Page Object
- Implement Booking Page Object
- Add Navigation Methods
Implementation:
# src/page_objects/login_page.py
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from .base_page import BasePage
class LoginPage(BasePage):
# Locators
USERNAME_FIELD = (By.ID, "username")
PASSWORD_FIELD = (By.ID, "password")
LOGIN_BUTTON = (By.ID, "login-btn")
def login(self, username: str, password: str):
self.find_element(self.USERNAME_FIELD).send_keys(username)
self.find_element(self.PASSWORD_FIELD).send_keys(password)
self.click_element(self.LOGIN_BUTTON)
# src/page_objects/booking_page.py
class BookingPage(BasePage):
# Locators
DATE_PICKER = (By.ID, "date-picker")
TIME_SLOTS = (By.CLASS_NAME, "time-slot")
CONFIRM_BUTTON = (By.ID, "confirm-booking")
def select_date(self, date: str):
date_picker = self.find_element(self.DATE_PICKER)
date_picker.clear()
date_picker.send_keys(date)
def get_available_slots(self):
slots = self.driver.find_elements(*self.TIME_SLOTS)
return [slot.text for slot in slots if "available" in slot.get_attribute("class")]
4. Implementing Error Handling and Recovery
Tasks:
- Create Custom Exceptions
- Implement Retry Mechanism
- Add Error Recovery Logic
Implementation:
# src/utils/retry_handler.py
from functools import wraps
from time import sleep
from loguru import logger
class BookingException(Exception):
pass
def retry_on_failure(retries=3, delay=1):
def decorator(func):
@wraps(func)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
for attempt in range(retries):
try:
return func(*args, **kwargs)
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f"Attempt {attempt + 1} failed: {str(e)}")
if attempt == retries - 1:
raise BookingException(f"Failed after {retries} attempts: {str(e)}")
sleep(delay)
return None
return wrapper
return decorator
5. Adding Logging and Monitoring
Tasks:
- Configure Logging System
- Implement Performance Monitoring
- Add Audit Trail
Implementation:
# src/core/logger.py
from loguru import logger
import sys
from pathlib import Path
class LogManager:
def __init__(self, log_path: Path):
self.log_path = log_path
self._configure_logger()
def _configure_logger(self):
logger.remove() # Remove default handler
# Add file handler
logger.add(
self.log_path / "app.log",
rotation="1 day",
retention="1 week",
level="INFO"
)
# Add console handler
logger.add(
sys.stdout,
colorize=True,
format="<green>{time}</green> <level>{message}</level>",
level="INFO"
)
6. Creating Test Suite
Tasks:
- Write Unit Tests
- Implement Integration Tests
- Create Test Data Fixtures
Implementation:
# tests/test_booking.py
import pytest
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from src.page_objects.booking_page import BookingPage
def test_booking_available_slot(driver, config):
booking_page = BookingPage(driver, config)
booking_page.navigate_to_booking()
# Select date
booking_page.select_date("2024-03-15")
# Get available slots
slots = booking_page.get_available_slots()
assert len(slots) > 0, "No available slots found"
# Book first available slot
booking_page.book_slot(slots[0])
# Verify booking confirmation
confirmation = booking_page.get_confirmation_message()
assert "successfully booked" in confirmation.lower()
7. Docker Integration
Tasks:
- Create Dockerfile
- Set Up Docker Compose
- Configure Container Networking
Implementation:
# Dockerfile
FROM python:3.9-slim
# Install Chrome and Chrome WebDriver
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
chromium \
chromium-driver
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
COPY . .
CMD ["python", "-m", "pytest", "tests/"]
Further Enhancements
-
API Integration:
- Add REST API support
- Implement webhook notifications
-
Scheduling Features:
- Add cron job support
- Implement booking queue system
-
Reporting:
- Generate HTML reports
- Create booking analytics
-
Security:
- Add credential encryption
- Implement rate limiting
Conclusion
This project demonstrates:
- Robust Web Automation: Using Selenium with best practices
- Software Architecture: Implementing design patterns
- Quality Assurance: Through comprehensive testing
- Operational Excellence: With logging and monitoring
- Scalability: Through containerization and configuration
The system serves as a foundation for building reliable and maintainable web automation solutions.